School-room heater



(No Model.)

No. 315,081. Patented Apr. 7, 1885- 115 1. 13: 2.

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TIQ'Zvwesses: V fnz/en/iors UNITED STATES ISAAC l). SMEAD,

PATENT ()FFICE.

OF TOLEDO, OHIO.

SCHOOL-ROOM HEATER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 315,081, dated April 7, 1885.

Application filed September 17, 1884. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, ISAAC D. SMEAD, of Toledo, in the county of Lucas and State of Ohio, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in School-Room Heaters, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to that class of heaters denominated school-room heaters or ventilating-stoves; and the invention consists in certain novel features of construction, as hereinafter more fully set forth.

Figure 1 is a front elevation. Fig. 2 is a central vertical section, and Fig. 3 is a transverse horizon'tal section on the line :0 w of Fig. 2.

The object of my present invention is to produce a simple form of heater which shall have alarge amount of heating-surface, simple and cheap in construction, and be economical in the consumption of fuel. 7

The body A of the heater is composed of a series of annular sections which are star-shaped in outline, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, the sections being provided with joints at their ends, so as to fit together tightly and receive the cement used to render the annular joints gastight. The body may be composed of any desired number of sections; but I. ordinarily use two main sections in addition to the top and bottom sections, as shown in Fig. 2, the top section, O, being inclined inward at its upper end and terminating in a flange or collar, h, upon which is fitted the smoke-pipe T, and in which is located a check-damper, m, as shown in Fig. 2. The lower sect-ion has the fire-pot B cast integral with it, the fire-pot being'formed by merely inclining inward the lower part of the walls of the section, and forming at its bottom an inturned flange, b, for supporting the lining O of the fire-pot and the grate n, 'as represented in Figs. 2 and 3, this portion which constitutes the firepot being also star-shaped, as shown in Fig. 2. This flange b is provided throughout its extent with a series of perforations, c, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, for the admission of air into the space between the lining and the walls of the fire-pot.

The lining 0 consists of a series of plates, which may be of cast-iron or firebrick, as preferred, of such a form that when put together they will form a pot of the same shape in outline as the fire-pot B, it being a little less in 1 diameter atits bottom than the fire-pot B, and its upper edge being curved outward, so as to fit snugly against the walls of the fire-pot at its top, thereby forming an air chamber or space all around between it and the walls of the fire-pot, as shown clearly in Fig. 2. This lining O, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, is provided with a series of perforations. through which the air enters from the air-space and mingles with the gases given off by the burning fuel, and thus renders the combustion more perfect and the use of the fuel more economical.

Any suitable style of grate, a, may be used, that shown answering the purpose well. At the front a large opening is left in this lower section, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, and within this I fit a projecting box-shaped fender, D, the bottom and front of which are composed ofa series of curved bars, a,like those of a grate,which serve as an addition to the grate n, as well as preventing the burning fuel from falling out at the front, the intentionbeing to use either coal or wood, as may be most convenient. A

usual, for closing the front opening, it having a slide-damper for admitting air to the ash-pit below the grate. When this is set in place so as to close the front, the device operates the same as a closed stove; but when it is removed it operates with an open fire on the principle of the well-known Franklin fire-place or open grate, and thus it may be used either way at will, this blower being common with this class of heaters. An ash'pan, H, is fitted within the ash-pit or base, and made to extend outward under the grated portion of the fender, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3.

Having thus constructed the heater proper,

open at top and bottom, and sufficiently greater'in diameter than the body A to form a space for the air to pass up between the two, this casing being also made of cast-iron in annular sections, and with an open-work cover or top, P, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The base of this case I is" so formed as to fit close to the floor all around, the intention being to bring the air to be heated from outside of the building cast-iron blower (not shown) is provided, as p I then surround it with a metallic casing, I,

and up into the case through an opening in the floor under the heater in a manner well known at the present time. Through the base of the case at one side is made a series of open- The air which enters from the air-space between the liningand the walls of the fire-pot being brought in through the ash-pit, and up against the hot lining, will of course be heated, and will therefore be in the'best possible condition to unite with the hot gases given off by the fuel, and thus aid in the combustion of the gases instead of letting them escape through the smoke-pipe unconsumed, thereby econonizing in fuel.

Another great advantage of the admission of a large volume of heated air to the fuelchamber is that when soft coal is used the combustion is rendered so perfect that but very little smoke and soot are produced, and thus one of the greatest objections to the use of soft coal is overcome.

By making the body of the heater of the star form, as shown, the amount of heatingsurface is largely increased, and by arranging the outer case, I, in close proximity to the eXtremities of the V-shaped projections of the body A the air is forced to pass up through the recesses between the projecting points, and thus the incoming air is brought in contact with the heatingsurface'all the way up and sure to be well warmed before escaping at the top, from whence it spreads all over the room.

I am aware that heaters have been made with corrugated walls, and also with arrangements for taking air. in from out of doors and delivering it at the top of the heater, and therefore I do not claim these features broadly; but,

Having described my improvements, what I claim is 1. A heater composed of a series of starshaped sections, the lower section being in clined inward at its lower portion to form a fire-pot and provided with an inwardlyard jecting perforated flange, b, for supporting the lining and grate, all being constructed substantially as shown and described.

2. In combination with the star-shaped firepot B, provided with the perforated flange b, the star-shaped lining 0, provided with perforations, and arranged in relation to the Walls of the firepot as shown, thereby forming an air-chamber into which the air is conducted and heated and then delivered through the perforations to the burning fuel, as set forth.

3. The combination, in. a heater substantially such as described, of the body A, the star-shaped and inclined firepot B, perforated lining (J, and the fender D, arranged at the front opening of the firepot, all substantially as shown and described.

ISAAC D. SMEAD.

Vitnesses:

J. R. KIRKUP, A. B. KIRKUP. 

